Launders Sedimentation basin and filter discharge channels consisting of overflow weir plates (in sedimentation basins) and conveying troughs. Short-Circuiting A condition that occurs in tanks or basins when some of the flowing water entering a tank or basin flows along a nearly direct pathway from the inlet to the outlet. Density A measure of how heavy a substance (solid, liquid or gas) is for its size. The viscosity of water increases significantly as temperature decreases. Viscosity A property of water, or any other fluid, that resists efforts to change its shape or flow. Point Source A discharge that comes out the end of a pipe or other clearly identifiable conveyance. (2) The separation from solution of an insoluble substance. 7,539 sq ft To control the settling characteristics of the suspended particles, what should the operator adjust? The chemical coagulant dose and the coagulation flocculation process What is the purpose of the sedimentation process? Remove suspended solids that are denser than water and to reduce the load on the filters Precipitate (1) An insoluble, finely divided substance that is a product of a chemical reaction within a liquid. The tendency of the water to flow at the inlet velocity straight through the basin is known as what? Short circuiting A circular clarifier is 98 feet in diameter with an operating depth of 11 feet. At the top of the tank in the separation zone there is the launders with weirs as in a normal basic to control the flow of the now clear water effluent. As the water moves from the reaction flocculation zone through the baffles it enters the separation zone where the sludge blanket or slurry forms on the lower half and on the upper half clear water if operating properly. At the bottom of the basic there in a circular solids-contact unit there will be sludge scrapers. As it exits into a the reaction flocculation zone, a cone shaped piece of material with an open bottom with baffles where the flocculation portion of take place. The upflow clarifier has a central hub (the mixing zone) where the inlet pipe for raw water enters and where the coagulants being used are introduced in the same fashion as a flashmixer. Flow is generally in an upward direction through a sludge blanket or slurry of flocculated, suspended solids. An upflow clarifier also known as a solids-contact unit combine the coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes into a single basin which may be either rectangular or circular in shape.
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